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Literate citizen is the key to the nation’s development. Literacy determines a nation’s human development potential. A high literacy rate asserts that people possess the critical thinking and communication skills needed to succeed in the workplace and advance the global economy.

What does Literacy Means?

According to the definition provided in the Indian census, Literacy is defined as “acquiring the skills of reading, writing with understanding”. Anyone aged 7 or above with the ability to read and write at least in any one language is considered a literate person.
UNESCO and National Literacy Mission have their own definition for literacy. The international definition provided by UNESCO consists of three main concepts:
<ol>
 	<li>The ability to read and write;</li>
 	<li>Knowledge of a language;</li>
 	<li>The skills needed for a person to work, communicate and participate in society.</li>
</ol>
Having a basic understanding of these components makes it easier to evaluate literacy rates around the world.

Literacy Rate = (number of literate persons / population) * 100
*Persons aged 7 or above

India’s literacy rate has doubled since 2001, but the country still has a long way to go before its population truly becomes literate. However, literacy rates vary greatly between different areas of the country.

The Literacy Rate of India in 2022 is 77.7 per cent. The literacy rate in 2011 was 73%. There is an increase of 4% compared to the last census data. It still means that nearly one in four Indians remains unable to read or write (compared to about one in eight people worldwide). Kerala is the most literate state in India. The literacy rate of Kerala is 96.2%. As per UNESCO, India will achieve Universal Literacy in the year 2060.

On 8 September, International Literacy Day is celebrated around the world every year. The global literacy rate is estimated to be 86.5 per cent by UNESCO.
<table width="678">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Ø  Literacy Rate of India in 2022</td>
<td>Ø  77.7%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ø  Male literacy rate of India in 2022</td>
<td>Ø  84.7%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ø  Female literacy rate of India in 2022</td>
<td>Ø  70.3%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
The male literacy rate of India in 2022 is 84.7% and female it is 70.3%. The gap between the literacy rates of males and females is remains. Girls dropping out of schools increased due to economic difficulties. With the launch of many female literacy campaigns, the gender gap could narrow with time.
<table width="676">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Ø  Literacy Rate in Urban Areas of India</td>
<td>Ø  87.7%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ø  Literacy Rate in Rural Areas of India</td>
<td>Ø  73.5%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
The literacy rate is 87.7% in urban places and 73.5% in rural.

Highest Literacy Rate in India
<table width="701">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Highest Literacy State in India</td>
<td> Kerala</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Highest Male Literacy State in India</td>
<td>             Lakshadweep</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Highest Female Literacy State in India</td>
<td>Kerala</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Lowest Literacy Rate in India
<table width="720">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Lowest Literacy State in India</td>
<td>               Andhra Pradesh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lowest Male Literacy State in India</td>
<td>    Rajasthan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lowest Female Literacy State in India</td>
<td>                             Bihar</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Understanding Factors of Low Literacy in India: 
<ul>
 	<li>Lack of importance to Education</li>
 	<li>No proper Sanitation in many Schools.</li>
 	<li>No proper Toilet facility. Even many reputed schools/colleges ignore such issues.</li>
 	<li>Dropout due to discriminations on the grounds of grade .Wherein weak students fails to understand the importance of the subjects learned.</li>
 	<li>Poor drinking water facility</li>
 	<li>Extensive Impoverishment</li>
</ul>
Why impoverished population suffer lack of education:

Socio-economic factors are the main causes of India's low literacy rate. Poverty and gender imbalance are the two main components of socioeconomic variables. The literacy rate of women in India is much lower than that of men. Compared to men, there are more women among the illiterate. In addition, compared to the wealthy, disadvantaged people have less access to education. As a result, it is also one of the factors contributing to India's low literacy rate.

Value small family:

It is challenging for poor parents to send their kids to school. Even the most basic things, like books and uniforms, are beyond their means. As a result, they choose sending their kids to work above paying for their education. This creates a vicious cycle.

Current Scenario:

The country is currently experiencing a reverse migration after the pandemic, with daily wage workers returning to their villages. This is yet another justification for improving the educational and technological infrastructure in rural areas. In areas where there is a significant educational gap, I believe educationalist can accomplish a lot. We can work towards a more inclusive educational system in a number of ways, including hybrid modules that go beyond traditional classrooms and teaching methods like chalk and talk, promoting computer literacy, and outreach programmes that can assist local communities in breaking taboos about sending their daughters to school.

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